How's My Voice Leading?

This program attempts to detect common errors in traditional four-part harmony. The following rules of voice leading are checked:

Using a music notation program such as NoteFlight or Musescore, export your four-part harmony as MusicXML. Open the MusicXML file with a text editor (for example Notepad), copy the XML source, paste the XML content below, then press "Submit". Errors will be shown below.

Please note that at present, this program works only for homorhythmic homophony ... in other words, the parts must move together rhythmically. Pieces without these characteristics are unlikely to get correct results.

Paste your MusicXML here:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 2.0 Partwise//EN"
  "http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
<score-partwise version="2.0">
  <work>
    <work-title>Poor Voiceleading Example</work-title>
  </work>
  <identification>
    <creator type="composer">Greg Merrill</creator>
    <creator type="lyricist"/>
    <rights>Copyright ©</rights>
    <encoding>
      <software>Noteflight version 0.3.2</software>
      <encoding-date>2014-01-19</encoding-date>
      <supports attribute="new-system" element="print" type="no" value="no"/>
      <supports attribute="new-page" element="print" type="no" value="no"/>
    </encoding>
  </identification>
  <defaults>
    <scaling>
      <millimeters>1.76388889</millimeters>
      <tenths>10</tenths>
    </scaling>
    <page-layout>
      <page-height>1584</page-height>
      <page-width>1224</page-width>
      <page-margins type="both">
        <left-margin>71.5</left-margin>
        <right-margin>68</right-margin>
        <top-margin>116</top-margin>
        <bottom-margin>96</bottom-margin>
      </page-margins>
    </page-layout>
    <system-layout>
      <system-margins>
        <left-margin>71.5</left-margin>
        <right-margin>32</right-margin>
      </system-margins>
      <system-distance>92.5</system-distance>
      <top-system-distance>156.5</top-system-distance>
    </system-layout>
    <staff-layout>
      <staff-distance>55</staff-distance>
    </staff-layout>
  </defaults>
  <credit page="1">
    <credit-words font-size="24" default-x="612" default-y="1524" justify="center" valign="top">Poor Voiceleading Example</credit-words>
  </credit>
  <credit page="1">
    <credit-words font-size="12" default-x="1101.6000000000001" default-y="1474" justify="right" valign="top">Greg Merrill</credit-words>
  </credit>
  <part-list>
    <score-part id="P1">
      <part-name>Piano</part-name>
      <part-abbreviation>Pno.</part-abbreviation>
      <score-instrument id="P1I1">
        <instrument-name>Piano</instrument-name>
      </score-instrument>
      <midi-instrument id="P1I1">
        <midi-channel>1</midi-channel>
        <midi-program>1</midi-program>
      </midi-instrument>
    </score-part>
  </part-list>
  <part id="P1">
    <measure number="1">
      <attributes>
        <divisions>64</divisions>
        <key>
          <fifths>2</fifths>
          <mode>major</mode>
        </key>
        <time>
          <beats>4</beats>
          <beat-type>4</beat-type>
        </time>
        <staves>2</staves>
        <clef number="1">
          <sign>G</sign>
          <line>2</line>
        </clef>
      </attributes>
      <direction placement="above">
        <direction-type>
          <metronome>
            <beat-unit>quarter</beat-unit>
            <per-minute>90</per-minute>
          </metronome>
        </direction-type>
        <sound tempo="90"/>
      </direction>
      <direction placement="above">
        <direction-type>
          <metronome>
            <beat-unit>quarter</beat-unit>
            <per-minute>90</per-minute>
          </metronome>
        </direction-type>
        <sound tempo="90"/>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
        <lyric number="1" color="#000000">
          <syllabic>single</syllabic>
          <text>I</text>
        </lyric>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
        <lyric number="1" color="#000000">
          <syllabic>single</syllabic>
          <text>I</text>
        </lyric>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes>
        <clef number="2">
          <sign>F</sign>
          <line>4</line>
        </clef>
      </attributes>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="2">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>IV</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="3">
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V7</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>32</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>eighth</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="4">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>IV</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="5">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="6">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>vi</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>IV</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>ii</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="7">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>vi</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>1</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="8">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>IV</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>V7</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="9">
      <attributes/>
      <direction placement="below">
        <direction-type>
          <words>I</words>
        </direction-type>
      </direction>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>4</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>F</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>4</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>4</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>D</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>4</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>4</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
    </measure>
    <measure number="10">
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>E</step>
          <octave>5</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>1</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>1</staff>
      </note>
      <backup>
        <duration>256</duration>
      </backup>
      <attributes/>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>G</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>B</step>
          <octave>3</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>A</step>
          <octave>2</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <chord/>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <alter>1</alter>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>64</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>quarter</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <note>
        <rest/>
        <duration>128</duration>
        <voice>3</voice>
        <type>half</type>
        <staff>2</staff>
      </note>
      <barline location="right">
        <bar-style>light-heavy</bar-style>
      </barline>
    </measure>
  </part>
</score-partwise>

Want to see an example? Click here to see what errors are detected for the following: